Potassium diformate, raws li ib tug tshiab pub additive, tau pom tau hais tias tseem ceeb daim ntawv thov muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv lubkev lag luam aquaculturenyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no. Nws cov tshuaj tua kab mob tshwj xeeb, txhawb kev loj hlob, thiab kev txhim kho dej zoo ua rau nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob.

1. Tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tiv thaiv kab mob
Antibacterial mechanism ntawmpoov tshuaj diformateFeem ntau tso siab rau formic acid thiab formate ions tso tawm hauv tus tsiaj lub plab zom mov. Kev tshawb fawb qhia tias thaum pH qis dua 4.5, poov tshuaj diformate tuaj yeem tso tawm formic acid molecules nrog cov kab mob muaj zog. Cov cuab yeej no nthuav tawm cov teebmeem tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic hauv cov tsiaj hauv dej, xws li Aeromonas hydrophila thiab Edwardsiella. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv kev sim nrog Pacific dawb cw ua liaj ua teb, ntxiv 0.6% poov tshuaj formate los pub nce cw ciaj sia taus ntawm 12% -15% thaum txo cov plab hnyuv kab mob los ntawm kwv yees li 30%. Qhov tseem ceeb, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm cov poov tshuaj diformate yog nyob ntawm koob tshuaj, tab sis ntau ntxiv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau palatability. Qhov pom zoo noj ntau npaum li cas ntawm 0.5% mus rau 1.2%.

2. Txhawb kev loj hlob thiab kev hloov pauv pub
Potassium diformateTxhim khu kev loj hlob ntawm cov tsiaj hauv dej los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev:
- Txo tus nqi pH ntawm lub plab zom mov, qhib pepsinogen, thiab txhim kho kev zom zaub mov protein (cov ntaub ntawv sim qhia tias nws tuaj yeem nce li 8% -10%);
-Inhibit cov kab mob phem, txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo xws li cov kab mob lactic acid, thiab txhim kho qhov sib npaug ntawm plab hnyuv microbiota;
-Txhim kho cov ntxhia nqus dej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev siv cov khoom siv xws li calcium thiab phosphorus. Hauv kev ua liaj ua teb carp, ntxiv 1% poov tshuaj diformate tuaj yeem nce qhov hnyav txhua hnub los ntawm 6.8% thiab txo qis kev noj zaub mov los ntawm 0.15%. Kev sim aquaculture ntawm South American cov cw dawb kuj pom tau tias pawg sim tau muaj 11.3% nce qhov hnyav nce piv rau pawg tswj hwm.

3. Dej zoo txhim kho muaj nuj nqi
Cov khoom metabolic kawg ntawm cov poov tshuaj diformate yog carbon dioxide thiab dej, uas tsis nyob hauv ib puag ncig aquaculture. Nws cov tshuaj tua kab mob tuaj yeem txo cov emission ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic hauv cov quav, tsis ncaj qha txo cov concentration ntawm ammonia nitrogen (NH ∝ - N) thiab nitrite (NO ₂⁻) hauv dej. Kev tshawb fawb pom tau hais tias kev siv cov poov tshuaj diformate pub rau hauv cov pas dej aquaculture txo tag nrho cov ntsiab lus nitrogen ntawm cov dej los ntawm 18% -22% piv rau cov pa hauv pawg, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb rau cov tshuab aquaculture high-density.

4. Daim ntawv thov kev ntsuam xyuas kev ruaj ntseg
1. Toxicological kev nyab xeeb
Potassium diformate tau teev tseg tias yog "dawb seem" pub ntxiv los ntawm European Union (EU sau npe E236). Qhov kev kuaj mob toxicity tau pom tias nws cov LD50 rau ntses yog ntau dua 5000 mg / kg lub cev hnyav, uas yog cov tshuaj tsis muaj tshuaj lom. Nyob rau hauv 90 hnub subchronic sim, nyom carp pub pub muaj 1.5% poov tshuaj diformate (3 zaug ntawm cov tshuaj pom zoo) yam tsis muaj lub siab lossis lub raum tsis ua haujlwm lossis hloov kho histopathological. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm kev ua siab ntev ntawm cov tsiaj hauv dej sib txawv rau cov poov tshuaj diformate, thiab crustaceans (xws li cw) feem ntau muaj siab siab siab dua cov ntses.

2. Lub koom haum residues thiab metabolic txoj kev
Radioisotope tracing cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov poov tshuaj diformate tuaj yeem ua tiav metabolized hauv cov ntses hauv 24 teev, thiab tsis muaj cov qauv seem tuaj yeem kuaj pom hauv cov leeg. Nws cov txheej txheem metabolic tsis tsim cov tshuaj lom neeg nruab nrab thiab ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm zaub mov.

3. Kev nyab xeeb ib puag ncig
Potassium diformate tuaj yeem degraded sai nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ntuj nrog ib nrab-lub neej ntawm kwv yees li 48 teev (ntawm 25 ℃). Kev ntsuas kev pheej hmoo ntawm ecological qhia tau hais tias tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam tseem ceeb rau cov nroj tsuag dej (xws li Elodea) thiab plankton nyob rau hauv cov pa siv ntau. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv qhov chaw mos dej (tag nrho hardness <50 mg / L), qhov ntau npaum li cas yuav tsum raug txo kom tsim nyog kom tsis txhob muaj pH hloov pauv.

4. raws caij nyoog siv tswv yim
Nws raug nquahu kom siv nws hauv cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:
-Lub caij kub kub (dej kub> 28 ℃) yog lub sijhawm muaj kev pheej hmoo siab rau cov kab mob;
-Thaum cov dej thauj khoom siab siab nyob rau nruab nrab thiab tom qab theem ntawm aquaculture;
-Thaum lub sijhawm muaj kev ntxhov siab xws li hloov cov noob rau hauv pas dej lossis faib rau hauv pas dej.

Potassium diformate, nrog nws ntau lub luag haujlwm thiab kev nyab xeeb, tab tom hloov kho cov kab mob tiv thaiv thiab kev tswj hwm hauv dej hiav txwv.

Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ntxiv dag zog rau kev lag luam hauv tsev kawm ntawv kev tshawb fawb kev koom tes, txhim kho cov qauv kev siv thev naus laus zis, thiab txhawb kev tsim cov txheej txheem kev daws teeb meem los ntawm kev tsim cov khoom noj rau cov thoob dej yug ntses, kom cov tshuaj ntsuab ntsuab no tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm ntau dua los ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov tsiaj hauv dej thiabtxhawbkev tsim kho kom ruaj khov.