Potassium diformate, ua ib qho khoom noj tshiab, tau ua pov thawj tias muaj peev xwm siv tau zoo hauvkev lag luam aquaculturenyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no. Nws cov tshuaj tua kab mob tshwj xeeb, kev txhawb nqa kev loj hlob, thiab kev txhim kho dej zoo ua rau nws yog lwm txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob.

1. Cov teebmeem tua kab mob thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob
Lub mechanism ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob antibacterialpotassium diformatefeem ntau yog nyob ntawm cov formic acid thiab formate ions uas tso tawm hauv cov tsiaj txoj hnyuv. Kev tshawb fawb qhia tau tias thaum pH qis dua 4.5, potassium diformate tuaj yeem tso tawm cov formic acid molecules nrog cov teebmeem bactericidal muaj zog. Cov khoom no qhia txog cov teebmeem inhibitory tseem ceeb rau cov kab mob pathogenic hauv cov tsiaj hauv dej, xws li Aeromonas hydrophila thiab Edwardsiella. Piv txwv li, hauv kev sim nrog Pacific dawb cw ua liaj ua teb, ntxiv 0.6% potassium formate los pub rau cw kom muaj sia nyob ntau ntxiv los ntawm 12% -15% thaum txo qhov mob plab hnyuv los ntawm kwv yees li 30%. Qhov tseem ceeb, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm potassium diformate yog nyob ntawm koob tshuaj, tab sis kev ntxiv ntau dhau yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov saj. Cov koob tshuaj pom zoo feem ntau yog txij li 0.5% txog 1.2%.

2. Txhawb kev loj hlob thiab kev hloov pauv pub zaub mov
Potassium diformateua kom cov tsiaj hauv dej loj hlob zoo dua los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev:
-Txo tus nqi pH ntawm txoj hnyuv zom zaub mov, ua kom cov pepsinogen ua haujlwm, thiab txhim kho qhov kev zom zaub mov protein (cov ntaub ntawv sim qhia tau tias nws tuaj yeem nce ntxiv los ntawm 8% -10%);
-Txwv tsis pub cov kab mob phem, txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob zoo xws li cov kab mob lactic acid, thiab txhim kho qhov sib npaug ntawm cov kab mob hauv plab hnyuv;
-Txhim kho kev nqus cov zaub mov, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev siv cov khoom xws li calcium thiab phosphorus. Hauv kev ua liaj ua teb carp, ntxiv 1% potassium diformate tuaj yeem ua rau qhov hnyav nce txhua hnub los ntawm 6.8% thiab txo qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev pub zaub mov los ntawm 0.15%. Kev sim ua liaj ua teb aquaculture ntawm South American dawb cw kuj qhia tau tias pawg sim muaj qhov hnyav nce 11.3% piv rau pawg tswj.

3. Kev ua haujlwm txhim kho dej zoo
Cov khoom kawg ntawm cov metabolism ntawm potassium diformate yog cov pa roj carbon dioxide thiab dej, uas tsis nyob hauv qhov chaw aquaculture. Nws cov nyhuv antibacterial tuaj yeem txo qhov kev tso tawm ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic hauv cov quav, txo qis qhov concentration ntawm ammonia nitrogen (NH∝-N) thiab nitrite (NO₂⁻) hauv dej. Kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias kev siv cov potassium diformate pub rau hauv cov pas dej aquaculture txo cov nitrogen tag nrho ntawm cov dej los ntawm 18% -22% piv rau cov pab pawg ib txwm muaj, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov kab ke aquaculture siab.

4. Kev ntsuam xyuas kev ruaj ntseg ntawm daim ntawv thov
1. Kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev lom
Potassium diformate tau teev tseg ua cov khoom noj khoom haus "tsis muaj cov khoom seem" los ntawm European Union (EU tus lej rau npe E236). Qhov kev sim tshuaj lom neeg sai sai qhia tau tias nws LD50 rau ntses yog ntau dua 5000 mg / kg qhov hnyav ntawm lub cev, uas yog ib yam khoom tsis muaj tshuaj lom. Hauv 90 hnub kev sim subchronic, cov zaub mov noj nyom carp uas muaj 1.5% potassium diformate (3 zaug ntawm cov koob tshuaj pom zoo) tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub siab lossis lub raum lossis kev hloov pauv histopathological. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau tseg tias muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm kev kam rau siab ntawm cov tsiaj hauv dej sib txawv rau potassium diformate, thiab crustaceans (xws li cw) feem ntau muaj kev kam rau siab ntau dua li ntses.

2. Cov khoom seem ntawm lub koom haum thiab cov txheej txheem metabolic
Cov kev tshawb fawb txog kev nrhiav cov tshuaj radioisotope tau qhia tias cov potassium diformate tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv cov ntses hauv 24 teev, thiab tsis muaj cov khoom seem prototype tuaj yeem pom hauv cov leeg. Nws cov txheej txheem metabolic tsis tsim cov tshuaj lom intermediates thiab ua tau raws li cov kev cai ntawm kev nyab xeeb zaub mov.

3. Kev nyab xeeb ib puag ncig
Potassium diformate tuaj yeem lwj sai sai hauv cov chaw ib puag ncig nrog lub sijhawm ib nrab ntawm kwv yees li 48 teev (ntawm 25 ℃). Kev ntsuam xyuas kev pheej hmoo ecological qhia tau hais tias tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau cov nroj tsuag hauv dej (xws li Elodea) thiab plankton nyob rau hauv kev siv cov tshuaj ib txwm muaj. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv cov dej mos (tag nrho cov hardness <50 mg / L), cov koob tshuaj yuav tsum tau txo kom tsim nyog kom tsis txhob muaj kev hloov pauv pH.

4. Txoj kev siv raws caij nyoog
Nws raug pom zoo kom siv nws rau hauv cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:
-Lub caij kub siab (dej kub> 28 ℃) yog lub sijhawm muaj kev pheej hmoo siab rau cov kab mob;
-Thaum cov dej ntau nyob rau theem nruab nrab thiab theem tom qab ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb hauv dej;
-Thaum lub sijhawm ntxhov siab xws li kev tsiv cov noob mus rau hauv pas dej lossis faib lawv ua pas dej.

Potassium diformate, nrog nws ntau yam haujlwm thiab kev nyab xeeb, tab tom hloov kho txoj kev tiv thaiv thiab tswj kab mob hauv kev ua liaj ua teb aquaculture.

Yav tom ntej, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los txhawb kev koom tes tshawb fawb hauv tsev kawm qib siab, txhim kho cov qauv siv thev naus laus zis, thiab txhawb kev tsim kom muaj kev daws teeb meem tag nrho los ntawm kev tsim khoom noj mus rau cov chaw ua liaj ua teb aquaculture, yog li cov khoom ntxiv ntsuab no tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov tsiaj hauv dej thiabtxhawb nqakev txhim kho kom ruaj khov.