Muaj ntau yam kev noj haus uas niaj hnub raug sim los txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov nqaij qaib. Betaine muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb los txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov nqaij vim nws ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj hwm qhov sib npaug ntawm osmotic, kev hloov pauv ntawm cov as-ham thiab lub peev xwm antioxidant ntawm cov qaib. Tab sis yuav tsum muab nws rau hauv daim ntawv twg los siv tag nrho nws cov txiaj ntsig?

Hauv kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no luam tawm hauv Poultry Science, cov kws tshawb fawb tau sim teb cov lus nug saum toj no los ntawm kev sib piv kev loj hlob ntawm broiler thiab qhov zoo ntawm nqaij nrog 2 hom ntawmbetaine: anhydrous betaine thiab hydrochloride betaine.

Betaine feem ntau muaj ua ib yam khoom noj uas tau ntxuav los ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg. Cov betaine uas nrov tshaj plaws rau kev pub qaib yog anhydrous betaine thiab hydrochloride betaine. Vim muaj kev noj nqaij qaib ntau zuj zus, cov txheej txheem ua liaj ua teb tau raug coj los siv rau hauv kev tsim cov qaib broiler kom txhim kho kev tsim khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tsim khoom ntau no yuav muaj cov teebmeem tsis zoo rau cov qaib broiler, xws li kev noj qab haus huv tsis zoo thiab cov nqaij tsis zoo.

Kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob zoo hauv cov nqaij qaib

Qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb yog tias kev txhim kho tus qauv kev ua neej txhais tau tias cov neeg siv khoom xav tau saj zoo dua thiab cov khoom noj nqaij zoo dua. Yog li ntawd, ntau yam tswv yim kev noj haus tau raug sim los txhim kho cov nqaij zoo ntawm cov broilers uas betaine tau txais kev saib xyuas ntau vim nws cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev.

Anhydrous vs. hydrochloride

Cov khoom siv betaine feem ntau yog los ntawm cov beets qab zib thiab lawv cov khoom seem, xws li molasses. Txawm li cas los xij, betaine kuj muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus nrog cov qauv nrov tshaj plaws ntawm cov qib pub tsiaj.betaineua anhydrous betaine thiab hydrochloride betaine.

Feem ntau, betaine, ua tus pub methyl, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj hwm qhov sib npaug osmotic, cov khoom noj khoom haus metabolism thiab antioxidant peev xwm ntawm broilers. Vim muaj cov qauv molecular sib txawv, anhydrous betaine qhia tau tias muaj ntau dua solubility hauv dej piv rau hydrochloride betaine, yog li ua rau nws cov osmotic peev xwm nce ntxiv. Ntawm qhov tod tes, hydrochloride betaine ua rau pH poob qis hauv plab, yog li cuam tshuam rau kev nqus cov khoom noj khoom haus hauv hom sib txawv ntawm anhydrous betaine.

Cov kev noj haus

Txoj kev tshawb fawb no tau pib tshawb nrhiav txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm 2 hom betaine (anhydrous betaine thiab hydrochloride betaine) rau kev loj hlob, qhov zoo ntawm nqaij thiab lub peev xwm antioxidant ntawm cov qaib broiler. Tag nrho muaj 400 tus qaib ntxhw txiv neej tshiab tau muab faib ua 5 pawg thiab pub 5 yam khoom noj thaum lub sijhawm sim pub mis 52 hnub.

Ob qho betaine tau tsim los ua equimolar. Cov zaub mov noj yog raws li nram no.
Kev Tswj: Cov qaib ntxhw hauv pawg tswj tau noj zaub mov pob kws-taum pauv.
Kev noj zaub mov anhydrous betaine: Kev noj zaub mov ntxiv nrog 2 qib concentration ntawm 500 thiab 1,000 mg / kg anhydrous betaine
Kev noj zaub mov Hydrochloride betaine: Kev noj zaub mov ntxiv nrog 2 qib concentration ntawm 642.23 thiab 1284.46 mg / kg hydrochloride betaine.

Kev loj hlob thiab cov nqaij ntau lawm

Hauv kev tshawb fawb no, cov khoom noj uas muaj cov tshuaj betaine anhydrous ntau ntxiv tau txhim kho qhov hnyav nce, kev noj zaub mov, txo qis FCR thiab ua rau cov leeg nqaij ntawm lub mis thiab ncej puab ntau dua thaum piv rau ob pawg tswj thiab cov hydrochloride betaine. Kev nce ntxiv ntawm kev loj hlob kuj cuam tshuam nrog kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov protein deposition uas pom hauv cov leeg nqaij ntawm lub mis: Cov tshuaj betaine anhydrous ntau ntxiv (los ntawm 4.7%) cov protein nyoos hauv cov leeg nqaij ntawm lub mis thaum cov tshuaj hydrochloride betaine ntau ntxiv cov protein nyoos ntawm cov leeg nqaij ntawm lub mis (los ntawm 3.9%).

Nws tau hais tias qhov teebmeem no yuav yog vim betaine tuaj yeem koom nrog hauv lub voj voog methionine kom txuag methionine los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ua tus pub methyl, yog li ntau methionine tuaj yeem siv rau kev tsim cov protein ntawm cov leeg. Tib qho kev lees paub kuj tau muab rau betaine lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tswj hwm myogenic gene expression thiab insulin-zoo li kev loj hlob factor-1 signaling pathway uas txhawb nqa kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov protein deposition ntawm cov leeg.

Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, nws tau hais tias cov anhydrous betaine saj qab zib, thaum hydrochloride betaine saj iab, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau kev saj thiab kev noj zaub mov ntawm cov qaib ntxhw. Ntxiv mus, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev zom thiab nqus cov as-ham yog nyob ntawm cov epithelium plab uas tsis muaj mob, yog li lub peev xwm osmotic ntawm betaine yuav cuam tshuam rau kev zom zaub mov. Anhydrous betaine qhia tau tias muaj peev xwm osmotic zoo dua li hydrochloride betaine vim nws cov solubility ntau dua. Yog li ntawd, cov qaib ntxhw pub nrog anhydrous betaine yuav muaj kev zom zaub mov zoo dua li cov uas pub hydrochloride betaine.

Cov leeg nqaij tom qab tuag los ntawm kev ua haujlwm anaerobic glycolysis thiab lub peev xwm antioxidant yog ob qho tseem ceeb ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov nqaij. Tom qab los ntshav, qhov kev tsis muaj oxygen txaus hloov pauv cov metabolism ntawm cov leeg nqaij. Tom qab ntawd anaerobic glycolysis tshwm sim thiab ua rau muaj kev sib sau ua ke ntawm lactic acid.

Hauv kev tshawb fawb no, kev noj zaub mov uas muaj cov betaine anhydrous ntau ua rau cov lactate hauv cov leeg nqaij ntawm lub mis txo qis. Kev sib sau ua ke ntawm lactic acid yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau cov leeg nqaij pH txo qis tom qab tua tsiaj. Cov leeg nqaij ntawm lub mis pH siab dua nrog kev noj betaine ntau hauv kev tshawb fawb no qhia tias betaine tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov leeg nqaij tom qab tuag glycolysis kom txo tau kev sib sau ua ke ntawm lactate thiab protein denaturation, uas ua rau txo qis qhov poob dej.

Kev oxidation ntawm nqaij, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lipid peroxidation, yog ib qho tseem ceeb ua rau cov nqaij tsis zoo uas ua rau cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig tsawg dua thaum ua rau muaj teeb meem ntawm cov qauv. Hauv kev tshawb fawb no, kev noj zaub mov uas muaj betaine ntau ntxiv tau txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm MDA hauv cov leeg nqaij ntawm lub mis thiab lub duav, qhia tias betaine tuaj yeem txo qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm oxidative.

Cov mRNA qhia txog cov noob antioxidant (Nrf2 thiab HO-1) tau nce siab dua hauv pawg anhydrous betaine dua li cov hydrochloride betaine noj zaub mov, uas sib raug rau kev txhim kho zoo dua hauv cov leeg nqaij antioxidant peev xwm.

Cov koob tshuaj pom zoo

Los ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau xaus lus tias anhydrous betaine qhia tau tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua li hydrochloride betaine hauv kev txhim kho kev loj hlob thiab cov leeg nqaij ntawm cov qaib broiler. Anhydrous betaine (1,000 mg / kg) lossis equimolar hydrochloride betaine ntxiv kuj tseem tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov nqaij ntawm cov broiler los ntawm kev txo cov lactate kom nce cov leeg nqaij pH, cuam tshuam rau kev faib cov dej nqaij kom txo qis kev poob dej, thiab txhim kho cov leeg nqaij antioxidant muaj peev xwm. Xav txog ob qho tib si kev loj hlob thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov nqaij, 1,000 mg / kg anhydrous betaine tau pom zoo rau cov broilers.