Kev lag luam pub tsiaj txhu tau raug cuam tshuam los ntawm "kev sib kis ob zaug" ntawm tus kab mob African swine fever thiab COVID-19, thiab nws kuj tab tom ntsib qhov kev sib tw "ob zaug" ntawm ntau qhov kev nce nqi thiab kev txwv tsis pub ua. Txawm hais tias txoj kev tom ntej muaj ntau yam teeb meem, kev lag luam yug tsiaj kuj tseem tab tom txhawb nqa nws tus kheej kev hloov pauv thiab kev txhim kho thiab ua ke txhawb nqa kev txhim kho ntawm kev lag luam. Daim ntawv no feem ntau tham txog yuav ua li cas txhim kho cov haujlwm ntawm cov enzymes zom zaub mov hauv cov hnyuv qaib, txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm txoj hnyuv thiab txhim kho cov qauv ntawm cov kab mob hauv txoj hnyuv.

Txoj hnyuv yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov qaib kom zom thiab nqus cov as-ham. Kev zom zaub mov hauv plab feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov tshuaj enzymatic (exopeptidase, oligosaccharide enzyme, lipase, thiab lwm yam); Cov as-ham me me uas tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj enzymatic hla dhau cov txheej epithelial ntawm txoj hnyuv thiab raug nqus los ntawm cov hlwb plab.

Lub plab hnyuv kuj yog ib qho kev thaiv ntuj tsim los tiv thaiv cov nqaij qaib ntawm cov tshuaj antigens zaub mov, cov kab mob pathogenic thiab lawv cov metabolites phem, thiab tswj kev ruaj khov ntawm ib puag ncig sab hauv. Lub plab hnyuv thaiv muaj cov khoom siv kho tshuab, cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg, cov khoom siv microbial thiab cov khoom tiv thaiv kab mob los sib koom ua ke tiv thaiv kev nkag mus ntawm cov tshuaj antigenic txawv teb chaws. Lub khoom siv kho tshuab (lub cev thaiv) txhais tau tias tag nrho cov hlwb epithelial hauv plab hnyuv txuas nrog ib leeg; Cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg yog tsim los ntawm cov hnoos qeev, cov kua zaub mov uas tso tawm los ntawm cov hlwb epithelial hauv plab hnyuv thiab cov tshuaj tua kab mob uas tsim los ntawm cov kab mob parasitic hauv plab hnyuv, uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lossis tua cov kab mob pathogenic; Lub khoom siv biological yog tsim los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag hauv plab hnyuv rau cov kab mob pathogenic thiab kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov kab mob; Lub khoom tiv thaiv kab mob yog lub cev lymphoid loj tshaj plaws thiab cov ntaub so ntswg lymphoid tseem ceeb ntsig txog mucosa. Yog li ntawd, kev yug me nyuam yog los tsa txoj hnyuv, thiab kev ua kom lub plab hnyuv noj qab haus huv yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev yug me nyuam noj qab haus huv yam tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv.

Cov kua qaub muaj cov teebmeem ntawm kev ua kom cov kua qaub thiab cov kab mob bacteriostasis, thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev yug tsiaj qaib kom noj qab haus huv. Cov kua qaub organic feem ntau suav nrog cov kua qaub carboxylic yooj yim (formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid thiab butyric acid), cov kua qaub carboxylic uas muaj cov pab pawg hydroxyl (lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid thiab citric acid), cov kua qaub carboxylic luv luv uas muaj cov kab sib txuas ob npaug (fumaric acid thiab sorbic acid) thiab cov kua qaub inorganic (phosphoric acid) (sh Khan thiab j Iqbal, 2016). Kev ua kom cov kua qaub thiab cov kab mob bacteriostatic ntawm ntau cov kua qaub sib txawv, piv txwv li, formic acid muaj peev xwm ua kom cov kua qaub muaj zog tshaj plaws; Ntawm cov kua qaub ib chav qhov hnyav, formic acid muaj peev xwm muab cov hydrogen tau zoo tshaj plaws; Propionic acid thiab formic acid muaj cov nyhuv tiv thaiv kab mob mildew zoo. Yog li ntawd, thaum xaiv cov kua qaub, nws yuav tsum tau muab faib ua feem raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kua qaub. Muaj ntau txoj kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias kev ntxiv cov kua qaub rau hauv cov zaub mov tuaj yeem txhim kho thiab txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm txoj hnyuv, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov enzymes zom zaub mov hauv txoj hnyuv, txhim kho cov qauv ntawm cov kab mob hauv txoj hnyuv, thiab pab kev yug tsiaj kom noj qab haus huv yam tsis muaj zaub mov tiv thaiv Nyiv.

Xaus lus, kev npaj kua qaub muaj txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb hauv kev ua kom cov nqaij qaib noj qab haus huv. Thaum siv thiab xaiv kua qaub, yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau cov khoom sib xyaw, qhov sib piv, cov ntsiab lus thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev npaj kua qaub kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev nyab xeeb, ruaj khov thiab tus nqi ntawm cov khoom.