Nrog rau kev nthuav dav ntawm cov kab lis kev cai thiab kev nce ntawm cov kab lis kev cai, tus kab mob ntawm Apostichopus japonicus tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb, uas tau coj kev poob loj rau kev lag luam aquaculture. Cov kab mob ntawm Apostichopus japonicus feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob, cov kab mob thiab cov ciliates, ntawm cov uas cov tawv nqaij lwj ua los ntawm Vibrio brilliant yog qhov loj tshaj plaws. Nrog rau qhov hnyav ntawm tus kab mob, lub cev phab ntsa ntawm Apostichopus japonicus ulcers, tsim cov pob xiav thiab dawb, thiab thaum kawg nws tus kheej yaj mus rau tuag, yaj mus rau hauv cov hnoos qeev ntswg zoo li colloid. Hauv kev tiv thaiv thiab kho kab mob ib txwm muaj, cov tshuaj tua kab mob tau siv dav. Tab sis kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob mus sij hawm ntev tsis yog tsuas yog muaj kev phom sij zais ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov tshuaj seem, tab sis kuj coj kev nyab xeeb zaub mov thiab kev ua qias tuaj ib puag ncig. Yog li ntawd, kev tsim cov khoom tsis muaj kuab paug, tsis muaj cov khoom seem, kev npaj nyab xeeb los txo cov kab mob ntawm hiav txwv dib yog ib qho ntawm cov chaw kub ntawm kev tshawb fawb tam sim no.

Potassium diformate yog ib hom hmoov dawb crystalline, qhuav thiab tsis muaj saj. Nws yog thawj cov khoom noj uas tsis yog tshuaj tua kab mob uas tau pom zoo los ntawm European Union los hloov cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Nws tuaj yeem txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov tsiaj txhu, tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob tsis zoo, thiab txhim kho ib puag ncig ntawm txoj hnyuv. Potassium diformate tuaj yeem txhim kho kev loj hlob thiab cov qoob loo ntawm cov tsiaj hauv dej.

1 Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev xeem

1.1 Cov teebmeem ntawm kev noj zaub mov potassium diformate rau kev loj hlob thiab kev ciaj sia ntawm cov dib hiav txwv Apostichopus japonicus

Tus nqi loj hlob tshwj xeeb ntawm Apostichopus japonicus nce ntxiv nrog rau qhov nce ntawm cov ntsiab lus potassium diformate hauv kev noj haus. Thaum cov ntsiab lus potassium diformate hauv kev noj haus nce mus txog 0.8%, uas yog, thaum cov ntsiab lus potassium diformate hauv kev noj haus yog 1.0% thiab 1.2%, tus nqi loj hlob tshwj xeeb ntawm Apostichopus japonicus siab dua li lwm yam kev kho mob, Tab sis tsis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb (P > 0.05) (rooj 2-2). Tus nqi ciaj sia ntawm cov dib hiav txwv yog 100% hauv txhua pawg.

1.2 Cov teebmeem ntawm kev noj zaub mov potassium diformate rau cov ntsuas kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm cov dib hiav txwv Apostichopus japonicus

Piv nrog rau pawg tswj, cov qib sib txawv ntawm potassium dicarboxylate tuaj yeem txhim kho lub peev xwm phagocytic ntawm coelomocytes thiab kev tsim cov O2 - hauv ntau qib sib txawv (rooj 2-3). Thaum ntxiv potassium diformate ntawm 1.0% thiab 1.2%, qhov kev ua haujlwm phagocytic ntawm coelomocytes thiab kev tsim cov reactive oxygen hom O2 - hauv cov dib hiav txwv tau siab dua li cov neeg hauv pawg tswj, tab sis tsis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm 1% thiab 1.2% potassium diformate pawg, lossis ntawm lwm qib ntawm potassium diformate thiab pawg tswj. Nrog rau kev nce ntxiv ntawm potassium dicarboxylate cov ntsiab lus hauv pub, SOD thiab NOS ntawm dib hiav txwv tau nce ntxiv.

1.3 Cov nyhuv ntawm kev noj zaub mov potassium diformate rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm hiav txwv dib rau Vibrio brilliant kab mob

1.4 Hnub tom qab kev sib tw, qhov kev tuag ntawm cov dib hiav txwv hauv pawg tswj yog 46.67%, uas yog siab dua li ntawm 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0% thiab 1.2% potassium diformate pawg (26.67%, 26.67%, 30%, 30% thiab 23.33%), tab sis tsis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb nrog 0.2% pawg kho (38.33%). Qhov kev tuag ntawm cov dib hiav txwv hauv 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0% thiab 1.2% potassium diformate pawg tsis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb.

2. Kev Sib Tham

2.1 Cov nyhuv ntawm potassium dicarboxylate rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov dib hiav txwv Apostichopus japonicus

Hauv cov tsiaj txhu, lub tshuab ua haujlwm ntawm potassium dicarboxylate feem ntau yog nkag mus rau hauv txoj hnyuv plab, txhim kho qhov chaw zom zaub mov, tswj pH, thiab tua cov kab mob phem (Ramli thiab sunanto, 2005). Tsis tas li ntawd, potassium diformate kuj tseem tuaj yeem txhawb kev nqus cov as-ham hauv cov zaub mov thiab txhim kho kev zom zaub mov thiab kev siv cov tsiaj txhu. Hauv kev siv cov tsiaj hauv dej, kev sim tau qhia tias potassium diformate tuaj yeem txhim kho kev loj hlob thiab kev ciaj sia ntawm cov cw (nws Suxu, Zhou Zhigang, et al., 2006). Hauv kev tshawb fawb no, kev loj hlob ntawm cov dib hiav txwv (Apostichopus japonicus) tau txhawb nqa los ntawm kev ntxiv potassium dicarboxylate rau hauv pub, uas yog sib xws nrog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv potassium dicarboxylate hauv cov menyuam npua thiab cov npua tiav uas verland. M (2000).

2.2 Cov nyhuv ntawm potassium dicarboxylate rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm cov dib hiav txwv Apostichopus japonicus

Apostichopus japonicus muaj tib lub tshuab tiv thaiv zoo li lwm cov echinoderms, uas ua tiav los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm lub cev thiab tsis yog lub cev (humoral). Nws feem ntau yog siv los txheeb xyuas thiab tshem tawm cov khoom txawv teb chaws nkag mus rau hauv lub cev tsiaj, lossis ua rau cov khoom txawv teb chaws mus rau hauv cov tshuaj tsis muaj teeb meem, thiab kho cov qhov txhab. Kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm lub cev ntawm echinoderms ua tiav los ntawm ntau yam coelomocytes, uas tsim cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv ntawm echinoderms. Cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlwb no suav nrog phagocytosis, cytotoxin reaction, thiab kev tsim cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm qib coagulation (kudriavtsev, 2000). Hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm phagocytosis, coelomocytes tuaj yeem raug ntxias los ntawm cov kab mob lossis cov kab mob ntawm phab ntsa kom tsim cov tshuaj reactive oxygen (ROS), suav nrog tsis muaj, H2O2, oh thiab O2 -. Hauv qhov kev sim no, ntxiv 1.0% thiab 1.2% potassium dicarboxylate rau hauv cov zaub mov noj ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm phagocytic ntawm coelomocytes thiab kev tsim cov tshuaj reactive oxygen. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj hauv kev ntawm potassium diformate ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm phagocytic thiab O2 - ntau lawm yuav tsum tau kawm ntxiv.

2.3 Cov nyhuv ntawm potassium dicarboxylate rau cov kab mob hauv plab hnyuv ntawm cov dib hiav txwv Apostichopus japonicus

Potassium dicarboxylate tuaj yeem raug rhuav tshem mus rau hauv formic acid thiab tsim nyob rau hauv qhov chaw alkaline tsis muaj zog thiab nkag mus rau hauv cov hlwb microbial los ntawm lub cell membrane. Nws tuaj yeem hloov pauv qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov kab mob phem xws li Escherichia coli thiab Salmonella los ntawm kev hloov pauv pH hauv cov hlwb thiab tiv thaiv lawv txoj kev yug me nyuam, yog li tswj hwm qhov sib npaug ntawm cov kab mob hauv plab hnyuv (eidelsburger, 1998). Cov nyhuv ntawm potassium dicarboxylate rau microflora hauv plab hnyuv, macroscopically, H + tsim los ntawm kev rhuav tshem ntawm potassium dicarboxylate txo qhov pH hauv plab hnyuv thiab inhibits kev loj hlob ntawm microflora hauv plab hnyuv. Microscopically, H + nkag mus rau hauv cov hlwb kab mob los ntawm lub cell membrane, ncaj qha rhuav tshem cov haujlwm ntawm cov enzymes intracellular, cuam tshuam rau cov metabolism ntawm microbial protein thiab nucleic acid, thiab ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tua kab mob (Roth, 1998). Cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia tias potassium diformate muaj me ntsis cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov kab mob hauv plab hnyuv ntawm hiav txwv dib, tab sis nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tus lej ntawm Vibrio.

2.4 Cov nyhuv ntawm potassium dicarboxylate rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm cov dib hiav txwv Apostichopus japonicus

Kab mob Vibrio splendens yog cov kab mob pathogenic uas ua rau cov kab mob lwj ntawm cov dib hiav txwv, uas ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau kev tsim khoom thiab kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov dib hiav txwv. Qhov kev sim no ua pov thawj tias kev ntxiv potassium dicarboxylate rau hauv cov zaub mov ua rau cov dib hiav txwv uas muaj tus kab mob Vibrio brilliant tuag tsawg dua. Qhov no tej zaum yuav muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov nyhuv inhibitory ntawm potassium diformate rau Vibrio.

3 Xaus Lus

Cov txiaj ntsig qhia tau tias kev noj zaub mov potassium diformate muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev loj hlob ntawm Apostichopus japonicus, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis tshwj xeeb ntawm Apostichopus japonicus, thiab ua kom lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob humoral thiab cellular ntawm Apostichopus japonicus zoo dua. Kev ntxiv potassium dicarboxylate rau hauv kev noj zaub mov tau txo cov kab mob phem hauv cov hnyuv ntawm cov dib hiav txwv, thiab ua kom cov dib hiav txwv uas muaj tus kab mob Vibrio brilliant tsis kam kab mob zoo dua. Xaus lus, potassium dicarboxylate tuaj yeem siv ua tus neeg txhawb nqa kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov zaub mov dib hiav txwv, thiab qhov ntau npaum li cas ntawm potassium dicarboxylate yog 1.0%.