Cov ntsev ammonium Quaternarytuaj yeem siv tau rau kev tua kab mob hauvkev ua liaj ua teb hauv dej, tab sis yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau txoj kev siv thiab kev ua kom raug kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov tsiaj txhu hauv dej.

1,Dab tsi yog ntsev quaternary ammonium
Quaternary ammonium ntsevyog ib qho tshuaj tua kab mob pheej yig, siv tau yooj yim, thiab siv dav dav nrog cov mis tshuaj (CnH2n+1) (CH3) 3N+X-, qhov twg X- tuaj yeem yog Cl-, Br-, I-, SO42-, thiab lwm yam. Hauv cov kua dej, nws zoo li gel lossis kua thiab tuaj yeem tua cov kab mob me me xws li cov kab mob, cov kab mob, cov pwm, thiab lwm yam. Nws tsis yooj yim cuam tshuam los ntawm cov organic matter thiab dej hardness.
2,Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tua kab mobcov ntsev ammonium quaternary
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tua kab mob ntawm cov ntsev quaternary ammonium yog rhuav tshem cov cell membrane thiab cov protein ntawm cov kab mob, ua rau lawv poob lawv lub peev xwm los loj hlob thiab rov tsim dua. Cov nyhuv tua kab mob ntawm cov ntsev quaternary ammonium muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov yam xws li kev sib xyaw, pH tus nqi, lub sijhawm sib cuag, thiab kub.
3,Yuav siv cov ntsev quaternary ammonium li cas kom raug
1. Kev tswj xyuas qhov concentration
Thaum siv cov ntsev quaternary ammonium rau kev tua kab mob hauv kev ua liaj ua teb aquaculture, qhov concentration yuav tsum tau tswj hwm raws li qhov loj me thiab qhov tawv ntawm lub cev dej. Feem ntau, kev siv cov concentration ntawm 0.1% -0.2% ntsev quaternary ammonium tuaj yeem tua kab mob tau zoo, tab sis nws tsis pub tshaj 0.5%.
2. Lub sijhawm sib cuag
Thaum siv cov ntsev quaternary ammonium los tua kab mob, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias nws sib cuag tag nrho nrog cov dej saum npoo thiab dej. Feem ntau nws raug pom zoo kom tua kab mob rau 30 feeb txog 2 teev.
3. Kev tswj zaus
Thaum siv cov ntsev quaternary ammonium rau kev tua kab mob, qhov zaus ntawm kev tua kab mob kuj yuav tsum tau tswj hwm. Kev siv ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau puas tsuaj rau ib puag ncig hauv dej, thiab feem ntau yuav tsum tsis txhob tshaj ib zaug hauv ib lub lim tiam.
4. Kev ceev faj
1. Tiv thaiv kev siv ntau dhau
Kev siv cov ntsev quaternary ammonium ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm ammonia nitrogen thiab nitrogen hauv cov dej, cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig ntawm cov dej thiab ua rau muaj teeb meem xws li kev tuag ntawm cov tsiaj hauv dej.
2. Tsis txhob sib xyaw nrog lwm cov tshuaj
Cov ntsev quaternary ammonium yuav tsum tsis txhob sib xyaw nrog lwm cov tshuaj tua kab mob, txwv tsis pub cov tshuaj lom neeg yuav tshwm sim, txo qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev tua kab mob thiab muaj peev xwm tsim cov tshuaj lom neeg.
3. Ua tib zoo saib xyuas kev nyab xeeb ntawm tus kheej
Quaternary ammonium ntsevyog ib yam tshuaj tua kab mob uas tsis muaj zog heev, thiab yuav tsum hnav hnab looj tes thaum siv nws, zam kev kov lub qhov muag thiab qhov ncauj. Yog tias noj lossis nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov muag, tam sim ntawd ntxuav thiab nrhiav kev pab kho mob.
5, Kev tshuaj xyuas kev ruaj ntseg
Txawm hais tiascov ntsev ammonium quaternaryyog cov tshuaj tua kab mob siv dav dav, nws tseem tsim nyog yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau txoj kev siv kom raug thaum siv kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau ib puag ncig hauv dej thiab cov tsiaj txhu hauv dej.

Cov kev tshawb fawb cuam tshuam tau qhia tias nyob rau hauv kev siv kom raug ntawm kev sib xyaw thiab zaus tua kab mob, cov ntsev quaternary ammonium muaj tsawg dua kev lom raucov tsiaj txhu hauv dejthiab yuav tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau lawv.

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntsev quaternary ammonium ntawmTrimethylamine Oxide (TMAO)feem ntau yog pom tseeb hauv nws cov khoom surfactant thiab kev ruaj khov tshuaj lom neeg:
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw: Lubntsev ammonium quaternaryCov qauv muab nws ob yam khoom ntawm hydrophilicity thiab hydrophobicity, uas tuaj yeem txo qhov nro ntawm cov kua. Hauv cov tshuaj ntxuav tes, cov yam ntxwv no pab tshem tawm cov roj stains: qhov kawg hydrophilic sib xyaw nrog dej, thiab qhov kawg hydrophobic sib xyaw nrog roj, tsim cov micelles los encapsulate av.
Kev ruaj khov ntawm cov qauv: Qhov sib txuas ntawm cov pa oxygen nitrogen (N → O) polarity ntawm cov ntsev ammonium quaternary muaj zog, uas tuaj yeem ua kom cov qauv peb-seem ntawm cov protein ruaj khov. Hauv kev tswj hwm osmotic siab, cov protein raug tiv thaiv los ntawm cov yam ntxwv denaturation xws li urea thiab ammonia nitrogen los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam them.
Cov khoom tsis muaj zog oxidizing: Ua ib qho oxidant me me, cov pa oxygen hauvntsev ammonium quaternarycov qauv tuaj yeem hloov mus rau lwm yam tshuaj (xws li aldehyde synthesis reactions) thiab tus kheej txo qis rau trimethylamine

Hauv kev xaus,cov ntsev ammonium quaternarysiv tau rau kev tua kab mob hauv kev ua liaj ua teb hauv dej, tab sis yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov txheej txheem siv thiab kev sib xyaw kom raug kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov tsiaj txhu hauv dej.