Betaine, tseem hu ua glycine trimethyl internal salt, yog ib qho tshuaj lom neeg tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab tsis muaj teeb meem, quaternary amine alkaloid. Nws yog dawb prismatic lossis nplooj zoo li siv lead ua nrog cov mis molecular c5h12no2, qhov hnyav molecular ntawm 118 thiab melting point ntawm 293 ℃. Nws saj qab zib thiab yog ib yam khoom zoo li cov vitamins. Nws muaj cov dej noo noo zoo thiab yooj yim nqus cov dej noo thiab deliquesce ntawm chav tsev kub. Hom hydrated yog soluble hauv dej, methanol thiab ethanol, thiab me ntsis soluble hauv ether. Betaine muaj cov qauv tshuaj lom neeg muaj zog, tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub siab ntawm 200 ℃ thiab muaj zog oxidation tsis kam. Kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tiasbetainetuaj yeem hloov qee yam methionine hauv cov metabolism ntawm tsiaj.

Betainetuaj yeem hloov methionine tag nrho hauv kev muab methyl. Ntawm ib sab tes, methionine yog siv ua lub substrate los tsim cov protein, thiab ntawm qhov tod tes, nws koom nrog hauv methyl metabolism ua tus pub methyl.Betainetuaj yeem txhawb nqa kev ua haujlwm ntawm betaine homocysteine ​​methyltransferase hauv daim siab thiab muab cov methyl ua ke, yog li methionine demethylation khoom homocysteine ​​tuaj yeem methylated los tsim methionine los ntawm kos, yog li txuas ntxiv muab methyl rau lub cev metabolism nrog cov nyiaj tsawg ntawm methionine ua tus cab kuj thiab betaine ua qhov chaw methyl, Tom qab ntawd, feem ntau ntawm methionine yog siv los tsim cov protein, uas tuaj yeem txuag methionine thiab siv lub zog. Ua ke, betaine yog degraded ntxiv tom qab methylated los tsim serine thiab glycine, thiab tom qab ntawd nce qhov concentration ntawm amino acids hauv cov ntshav (kamoun, 1986).

Betaine ua rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm methionine, serine thiab glycine hauv cov ntshav nce ntxiv. Puchala et al. Muaj cov teebmeem zoo sib xws ntawm cov yaj. Betaine tuaj yeem ntxiv cov amino acids xws li arginine, methionine, leucine thiab glycine hauv cov ntshav thiab tag nrho cov amino acids hauv cov ntshav, thiab tom qab ntawd cuam tshuam rau kev tso tawm ntawm auxin;Betainetej zaum yuav txhawb kev hloov pauv ntawm aspartic acid mus rau n-methylaspartic acid (NMA) los ntawm kev ua haujlwm methyl metabolism, thiab NMA tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov khoom sib xyaw thiab kev tso tawm ntawm auxin hauv hypothalamus, thiab tom qab ntawd qib ntawm auxin hauv lub cev.